If aniline is treated with conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)` and heated at `200^(@)C` the product is

Options

A. anilinium sulphate
B. benzenesulphonic acid
C. m-aminobenzenesulphonic acid
D. sulphanilic acid

Explanation

To solve the question of what product is formed when aniline is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and heated at 200°C, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify Aniline Structure**:
Aniline is an aromatic amine with the formula C₆H₅NH₂. Its structure consists of a benzene ring (C₆H₅) attached to an amino group (NH₂).

2. **Understand the Reaction Conditions**:
When aniline is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, it undergoes a sulfonation reaction. The concentrated H₂SO₄ acts as a sulfonating agent, introducing a sulfonyl group (SO₃H) into the aromatic ring.

3. **Determine the Position of Substitution**:
The amino group (NH₂) is an electron-donating group, which increases the electron density of the benzene ring. This makes the ortho and para positions more reactive towards electrophilic substitution. In this case, the sulfonyl group will preferentially attach to the para position due to steric factors.

4. **Draw the Product Structure**:
The product formed from the sulfonation of aniline will be para-sulfanilic acid, which has the structure:
- The benzene ring with the NH₂ group at one position and the SO₃H group at the para position relative to the NH₂ group.

5. **Name the Product**:
The compound formed is known as sulfanilic acid. Its IUPAC name is 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid.

### Final Answer:
The product formed when aniline is treated with concentrated H₂SO₄ and heated at 200°C is **sulfanilic acid**.