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Describe the following: (a) synapsis ...

Describe the following: (a) synapsis (b) bivalent (c) chiasmata
Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.

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(i)Synapsis : It is the process of pairing of homologous chromosomes. It starts during Zygotene of Prophase-I and extends upto pachytene of Prophase-I of meiosis-I
(ii) Bivalent : It is the pair of homologous chromosomes formed by synapsis. Its number is half to the number of chromosomes in a diploid organism.
(iii) Chiasmita : These are the X-shaped points of Cross over between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. These are formed during pachytene of Prophase-I of meiosis. These are sites of Crossing over. Refer Fig. 11 of chapter 10.
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