What are test cross and back cross?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Test Cross**:
A test cross is a genetic cross performed to determine the genotype of an organism that exhibits a dominant phenotype. This is done by crossing the organism with a homozygous recessive individual.

2. **Purpose of Test Cross**:
The main purpose of a test cross is to ascertain whether the dominant phenotype is due to a homozygous dominant genotype or a heterozygous genotype.

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