(a) Give the full form of ARTS. Give their significance. (b) Describe any three techniques used in ARTS.

Explanation

(a) (i) Full form of ARTs is Assisted Reproductive Technologies. (ii) Significance: These technologies assist the infertile couples to have children (b) (i) Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT): It involves the transfer of washed sperms and harvested ovum to the ampulla of the fallopian tube with the help of a laparoscope. It is employed in the females having at least one patent fallopian tube and normal uterus. (ii) Intra-cytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI): It involves the injection of sperm directly into ovum of female in the culture medium followed by transfer of zygote or embryo in the fallopian tube or uterus of the female. It is employed when male suffers from oligospermia. (iii) Artificial Insemination Husband (AIH): It involves artificially introduction of sperms of husband into the vagina or uterus of his wife. It is employed when male partner either fails to inseminate or suffers from oligospermia