While on a visit to a pond in the city-neighbourhood, the visitors were delighted to find large expanse of water covered with colourful algal mass.
(a) As a student of biology, do you agree with their delight ? Give reasons in support of your answer.
(b) Explain the cause of such algal growth.

XYZ Ltd., took a loan of ₹ 50 lakh from a bank for its growth and expansion plans . The company was unable to repay the loan amount because of heavy losses incurred in the business on a continuous basis . The management of the company asked its shareholders to contribute towards repayment of the loan . But the shareholders refused as they had already paid the full amount due on their shares . The bank filled a case against XYZ Ltd. in the court . The court held that the shareholders of the company were not liable to repay the loan as they had not unpaid amount on shares . (a) Is the court's decision justified ? Give reason in support of your answer . (b) Which characteristic of the company form of organisation protected the shareholders ? Explain .

Shalini, after acquiring a degree in Hotel Mangement and Business Administation took over her family food processing company of manufacturing pickles,jams and squashes. The business was established by her great grandmother and was doing reasonably well. However the fixed operating costs of the business were high and the cash flow position was weak. She wanted to undertake modernisation of the existing business to indroduce the latest manufacturing processes and diversify into the market of chocolates and candites. she was very enthusiatic and approached a finance consultant, and expansion programme. He also informed her that the stock market was going thorugh a bullish phase. (a) Keeping the above considerations in mind, name the source of finace Shalini should not choose for financing the modernisation and expansion of her food processing business. Give one reason in support of your answer. (b) Explain any too other facotrs, apart from those staed in the above situation, which Shalini should keep in mind while taking this decision.

With the explosive growth of its subscriber base, to fuel its expansion plan Airo Telecon Co. Ltd. Wants to raise Rs 500 crore by issuing equity shares. (a) Identify and state the market Airo Telecom Co. Ltd. will look for to raise funds worth Rs 500 crore to fuel its expansion plane. Give reason in support of your answer. (b) Explain any four methods through which Airo Telecom Co. Ltd. can issue equity shares.

Jindal Ltd. Could not achieve the target production of 15,000 car p.a. It could produce only 14,125 cars- While analysing the reasons for deviations, it was found that workers were not efficient. Training programmers were organised and next year, company was able to produce 15,000 units. Production Manager is of the opinion that with this, management ends at controlling. Do you agree ? Give reason to support your answer. Explain any four importance of controlling.