What is afforestation? List the programmes carried out under this scheme .

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**Step 1: Define Afforestation**
- Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover. It is aimed at restoring forests and increasing forest cover to combat deforestation and environmental degradation.

**Step 2: Importance of Afforestation**
- Afforestation plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, enhancing biodiversity, improving air quality, and combating climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.

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