What is cretinism? Give its any two causes.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Cretinism**:
- Cretinism is a condition resulting from severe hypothyroidism during childhood. It is characterized by stunted physical and mental growth due to insufficient levels of thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine.

2. **Causes of Cretinism**:
- **Cause 1: Iodine Deficiency**: One of the primary causes of cretinism is a lack of iodine in the diet. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. When there is insufficient iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroxine, leading to hypothyroidism.
- **Cause 2: Congenital Hypothyroidism**: Another cause can be congenital hypothyroidism, where infants are born with an underactive thyroid gland. This can be due to genetic factors or developmental issues during pregnancy.
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