Gabriel phthalimide reaction is used for the preparation of

Options

A. Primary aromatic-amines
B. Secondary amines
C. Aliphatic primary amines
D. Tertiary amines

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gabriel Phthalimide Reaction:**
The Gabriel Phthalimide reaction is a method used to synthesize primary amines. It involves the use of phthalimide, which is derived from phthalic acid.

2. **Formation of Phthalimide:**
Phthalimide is formed from phthalic acid. The structure of phthalimide must be understood, as it is crucial for the reaction. Phthalimide has a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group, making it a cyclic imide.

3. **Deprotonation of Phthalimide:**
When phthalimide is treated with a strong base like potassium hydroxide (KOH), it undergoes deprotonation. This results in the formation of a phthalimide anion, which acts as a nucleophile.

4. **Nucleophilic Substitution:**
The phthalimide anion can then react with an alkyl halide through a nucleophilic substitution mechanism (SN2). It is important to use a primary alkyl halide for this reaction to proceed efficiently, as secondary and tertiary alkyl halides do not favor the SN2 mechanism.

5. **Hydrolysis:**
After the nucleophilic substitution, the product is subjected to hydrolysis. This is typically done using aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). During hydrolysis, the bond between the nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon is broken, resulting in the formation of a primary amine and a carboxylic acid (or its sodium salt).

6. **Conclusion:**
The Gabriel Phthalimide reaction is specifically used for the preparation of aliphatic primary amines. It is not suitable for the synthesis of aryl amines or secondary/tertiary amines due to the nature of the nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

**Final Answer:**
Gabriel Phthalimide reaction is used for the preparation of **aliphatic primary amines**.

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