`CH_(3)-CH_(2)-OH overset(H_(2)SO_(4)) underset(413 K) toX,` What is X ?

Options

A. `CH_(2)=CH_(2)`
B. `C_(2)H_(5)-O-C_(2)H_(5)`
C. `CH_(3)-O-CH_(2)-CH_(3)`
D. `CH_(3)CH_(2)HSO_(4)`

Answer

To solve the question `CH₃-CH₂-OH + H₂SO₄ (413 K) → X`, we need to analyze the reaction of ethanol (CH₃-CH₂-OH) with sulfuric acid at the given temperature.

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactant is ethanol (CH₃-CH₂-OH) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

**Hint:** Look for the functional groups present in the reactants.

### Step 2: Understand the Reaction Conditions
The reaction is taking place at 413 K. This temperature is significant because it influences the type of reaction that occurs. At lower temperatures, we might expect substitution reactions, while at higher temperatures, elimination reactions are more likely.

**Hint:** Recall how temperature affects reaction pathways in organic chemistry.

### Step 3: Determine the Type of Reaction
At 413 K, the reaction favors elimination over substitution. This means that we can expect the formation of an alkene through the elimination of water (H₂O).

**Hint:** Think about the common elimination reactions of alcohols when treated with strong acids.

### Step 4: Mechanism of the Reaction
1. Protonation of the alcohol: The hydroxyl group (-OH) of ethanol is protonated by sulfuric acid, converting it into a better leaving group (water).
2. Formation of a carbocation: After the loss of water, a carbocation intermediate is formed.
3. Elimination of H⁺: A hydrogen atom is removed from a neighboring carbon atom, leading to the formation of a double bond.

**Hint:** Remember that the carbocation stability can influence the product formed.

### Step 5: Identify the Product
The product formed from the elimination reaction of ethanol is ethylene (C₂H₄).

Thus, the final product X is:
**X = C₂H₄ (Ethylene)**

### Summary of the Steps
1. Identify reactants: Ethanol and sulfuric acid.
2. Analyze reaction conditions: 413 K indicates elimination.
3. Determine reaction type: Elimination reaction leading to alkene formation.
4. Mechanism: Protonation, carbocation formation, and elimination of H⁺.
5. Final product: Ethylene (C₂H₄).

### Final Answer
**X = C₂H₄ (Ethylene)**