The carbon-oxygen bond lengths in formic acid are equal.

Answer

To determine whether the statement "The carbon-oxygen bond lengths in formic acid are equal" is true or false, we need to analyze the structure of formic acid and the concept of resonance.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Structure of Formic Acid**:
Formic acid (HCOOH) consists of a carbon atom bonded to one hydroxyl group (-OH) and one carbonyl group (C=O). The structural formula can be represented as:
\[ H - C(=O) - OH \]

2. **Understanding Bond Types**:
In formic acid, there are two types of carbon-oxygen bonds:
- One is a double bond (C=O) with a carbonyl oxygen.
- The other is a single bond (C-O) with a hydroxyl oxygen.

3. **Resonance Structures**:
Formic acid exhibits resonance, which means that the electrons can be delocalized. The resonance structures can be drawn as follows:
- One structure has a double bond between carbon and one oxygen and a single bond with the other oxygen.
- The other resonance structure shows the double bond shifting, resulting in a negative charge on one oxygen and a positive charge on the other.

4. **Analyzing Bond Lengths**:
- The C=O bond (carbonyl) is typically shorter than the C-O bond (hydroxyl) due to the presence of a double bond, which involves more electron density and stronger attraction between the carbon and oxygen.
- In the resonance structures, the C=O bond is more stable than the C-O bond, which further supports that the bond lengths will differ.

5. **Conclusion**:
Since the C=O bond is shorter than the C-O bond, the statement "The carbon-oxygen bond lengths in formic acid are equal" is **false**.

### Final Answer:
The statement is **false**; the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in formic acid are not equal.

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