In the reaction benzene with an electrophile `E^(+)`, the structure of the intermediate `sigma-` complex can be represented as

Nitration of benzene is an electrophilic substitution reaction. Why ?

In the alkylation of benzene, stable sigma complex.

During the electrophilic substitution of benzene, the intermediate species involved is

Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction. In case of Phenol, the intermediate carbocation is more resonance stabilised.

Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction. In case of Phenol, the intermediate carbocation is more resonance stabilised.

Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction. In case of Phenol, the intermediate carbocation is more resonance stabilised.

Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction. In case of Phenol, the intermediate carbocation is more resonance stabilised.