In plants, how is alien DNA introduced into the host cell?

Explanation

To introduce alien DNA into a host plant cell, the following steps are typically followed:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Vector**: The first step involves identifying a suitable vector for the introduction of alien DNA. In plants, the most commonly used vector is the T-DNA (Transfer DNA) from the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

2. **Disarm the Vector**: Agrobacterium tumefaciens has a natural ability to transfer DNA into plant cells, but it also causes tumors in plants. To use it safely, scientists disarm the bacterium by removing or inactivating the genes responsible for tumor formation. This ensures that the plant does not develop tumors when the vector is used.

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