a) While cloning vectors, which of the two will be preferred by biotechnologists bacteriophases or plasmids, Justify with reason.
b) Name the first transgenic cow developed and state the improvement in the quality of the product produced by it.

The process of marketing incolves creating a market offering and to satisfy and wants of the present and potential buyers. The real question is how to create a market offering. Suppose, after gathering and analysing market information, a profitable business opportunity is seen by some firm in the field of producing soft drinks. To develop and market a new brand of soft drinks, the firm takes a number of important decisions, for example whether to go for any collaboration with a foreign manufactures of the new product so that it is attractive to the target customers, whether the drink will be packed in glass bottles or plastic cans, what will be the name (brand name ) of the drinks, at what price it will be sold (at par with the price at which other competitive brands are sold or below it or above it), and so on. (a) Identify and explain the two features of marketing discussed above. (b) Identify and explain any functions of marketing discussed above.

No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a solid, A, are mixed with the powder of another solid, B. However when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes place between its components. One of the products, C, is a metal and settles down in the molten state while the other product, D floats over it. It was observed that the reaction is highly exothermic. Mention any two types of reaction under which above chemical reaction can be classified.

Alkylhalides have polar C-X bond and undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions. These give a variety of products with nucleophiles such as -OH, -OR, -NH_(2), -CN, -NC, -NO_(2), -ONO, RCOO^(-) , etc. They undergo mainly two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions, S_(N)1 and S_(N)2 . S_(N)1 reactions are two steps reactions which proceed through the formation of carbocations while S_(N)2 reactions are one step reaction which proceeds through the formation of transition state. The stability of carbocation and transition state determine the reactivity of alkyl halides. Write the main products A and B in the following reaction. A overset(KNO_(2))larr CH_(3)CH_(2)Br overset(AgNO_(2))to B .

No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a rusty brown solid A re mixed with the powder of another solid B. however, when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes place between its components. One of the products C is a metal and settles down in the molten state while the other product D floats over it. it was observed that the reaction is highly exothermic. (a) What could the solids A and B be? (b) What are the products C and D most likely to be? (c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between A and B leading to the formation of C and D. Mention the physical states of all the reactants and products in this equation and indicate tthe heat change which takes place. (d) What is the special name of such a reaction? State one use of such a reaction. (e) Name any two types of chemical reaction under which the above reaction can be classified.

(a) Explain why the first period of the modern periodic table has only two elements whereas second period has eight elements (b) Why do elements in the same group show similar properties but the elements in different groups show different properties? (c) For each of the following triads, name the element with the characteristics specified below: (d) State on reason for keeping fluorine and chlorine in the same group of the periodic table. (e) What are the merits of the moderns periodic table of elements?

Diksha Ltd. Was marketing diswashers which were very popular due to their quality and after-sale services provided to the customers. The company was a leading company in the market and earing huge profits. Because of huge profits the company ignored its after- sale services. As a result its relations with the customers got spoiled and the image of the company was damaged in the eyes of the public. Top management became concerned when the profits for the current quarter fell steeply. On analysis it was revealed that ignoring after-sale services was its reason. Therefore, the company took all possible measures to protect and promote its image. As a result the goodwill of the company improved in the society. Name and state the communication tool used by the marketer in the above case to improve its images.

(a) Derive the relation a sin theta=lambda for the first minimum of the diffraction pattern produced due to a single slit of width ‘a’ using light of wavelength lambda . (b) State with reason, how the linear width of central maximum will be affected if (i) monochromatic yellow light is replaced with red light, and (ii) distance between the slit and the screen is increased. (c) Using the monochromatic light of same wavelength in the experimental set-up of the diffraction pattern as well as in the interference pattern where the slit separation is 1 mm, 10 interference fringes are found to be within the central maximum of the diffraction pattern. Determine the width of the single slit, if the screen is kept at the same distance from the slit in the two cases.