Mention three molecular diagnostic techniques which help to detect pathogens from suspected patients. Write the advantage of these techniques over conventional methods.

Which molecular diagnostic technique can be used to defeet HIV infection?

Which technique is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients ?

Name a molecular diagnostic technique to detect the presence of a pathogen in its early stage of infection ?

Which of the following technique is being used to detect mutation in genes in suspected cancer patients?

Compare between mixed cropping and intercropping. Write down from advantage of both of these techniques.

Explain, with the help of a schematic diagram, the principle and working of a Light Emiting Diode. What criterion is kept in mind while choosing the semiconductor material for such a device ? Write any two advantages of light emiting diode over conventional incandescent lamps.

Following a sever accident, many charred0disfigured bodies are recovered from the site making the identification of the dead very difficult. Name and explain the technique that would help the authorities to establish the identity of the dead to be able to hand over the dead to their respective relatives.

Suggest any two techniques which can help in early detection of becterial // viral infections much before the symptoms appear in the body.