(a) What do 'Y' and 'B' stand for in 'YAC' and 'BAC' used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.
(b) Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.
(c) Expand 'SNPs' identified by scientists in HGP.

How many of the following statements are true in the context of the salient features human genome project ? I. There are 1.4 million SNPs. II. 99.9% genome is similar in all humans. III. 32% of genome codes for proteins. IV.The learget human gene is dystrophin with 2.4 million base pairs. V. The human genome has a maximum number of genes on 1^(st) chromosome i.e.,

Select the correct set from the following statements with respect to the salient features of the human genome. i. The human genome contains 3164.7 billion nucleotides. ii. The function is unknown for over 50 % of the discovered gene. iii. Less than 20% of the genome code for Proteins. iv chromosomes -1 has the most genes ( 2968 ) and y has the fewest ( 231 ) . V. The total number of genes estimated is 30,000.

Shan Spices Ltd.' is the manufacturer of different food specific like Rajmas Masala, Cholley Masala, AalooParantha Masala, etc. Mr. Raghav, the owner of the company has created different departments for purchase production, marketing, finance and human resource. There are thirty employees working in the organisation. Planning is of paramount importance to the company as Mr Raghav believes that effective planning leads to achievement of organisational objectives. So in order to make employees focus on objectives, he issued instructions that during working hours only official matters will be discussed. He made certain rules and code of conduct for the employees to follow, according to which employees are not allowed to visit and talk to the employees of other departments except for official work. He emphasised on work performance which resulted in smooth functioning of the organisation. (a) Identify and state the type of organisation mentioned in the above para. (b) State one feature of the concept identified in part (a) as mentioned in the above para. (c ) What was the purpose behind the formulation of rules for the employees that restricted their personal communication with the employees of other departments?

When extremely small particles X derived from the anther of a flower were suspended in a liquid Y and observed through a microscope, it was found that the particles X were moving throughout the liquid Y in a very zig-zag way. It was also observed that warmer the liquid Y, faster the particles X moved on its surface. What could particles X be ? (b) What do you think liquid Y is ? (c ) What is zig-zag movement of X known as ? (d) What is causing the zig-zag movement of particles X ? (e) Name the scientist who discovered this phenomenon. (f) What does this experiment tell us about the nature of liquid Y ?