With an example, explain how biotechnology has been applied in each of the following:
(i) In curing Diabetes mellitus
(ii) In raising pest resistant plants
(iii) In producing more nutritionally balanced milk.
Do you think it is ethical to manipulate organisms for human benefits? Justify your answer.

The given graph describes the distances of a car from a city X at different times when it is travelling from City X to City Y, which are 300 km apart. Study the graph and answer the following: (i) What information is given on the two axes? (ii) From where and at what time did the car begin its journey? (iii) How far did the car go in the first hours? (iv) Did the car stop for some duration at any place? Justify your answer (v) Was the speed same during the first three hours? How do you know it? (vi) When did the car reach City Y?

(a) How is energy introduced into the ecosystem ? (b) Consider the following food chains : (i) Plants to Mice to Snakes to Hawks (ii) Plants to Mice to Hawks If energy available at the producer level in both the food chains is 100 J, in which case will hawks get more energy as food and by how much ? Justify your answer.

Find out which among the following is true and which is false (i) Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to engineer microbes, plants and animals such that they have novel capabilities. (ii) Genetically modified organisms have been created by using methods other than natural methods to transfer one or more genes from organism to another, generally using techniques such as recombinant DNA technology. (iii) GM plants have been useful in increasing crop yields, reduce post harvest losses and make crops more tolerant of stressess. (iv) Recombinant DNA technology process have made immense impact in the area of healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics. (v) since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induced unwanted immunological responses.

A fan operates at 200 volt (DC) consuming 1000W when running at full speed . It's internal wiring has resistance 1 Omega . When the fan runs at full speed , its speed becomes constant. This is because the torque due to magnetic field inside tha fan is balanced by the torque due to air resistance on the blades of the fan and torque due to friction between the fixed part and the shaft of the fan. The electrical power going into the fan is spent (i) in the internal resistance as heat, call it P_(1)(ii) in doing work against internal friction and air resistance producing heat, sound etc. call it P_(2) . When the coil of fan rotates, an emf is also induced in the coil. This opposes the external emf applied to snd the current into the fan. This emf is called back-emf,call it 'e' . Answer the following questions when the fan is running at full speed. The value of power P_(1) is

A fan operates at 200 volt (DC) consuming 1000W when running at full speed . It's internal wiring has resistance 1 Omega . When the fan runs at full speed , its speed becomes constant. This is because the torque due to magnetic field inside tha fan is balanced by the torque due to air resistance on the blades of the fan and torque due to friction between the fixed part and the shaft of the fan. The electrical power going into the fan is spent (i) in the internal resistance as heat, call it P_(1)(ii) in doing work against internal friction and air resistance producing heat, sound etc. call it P_(2) . When the coil of fan rotates, an emf is also induced in the coil. This opposes the external emf applied to snd the current into the fan. This emf is called back-emf,call it 'e' . Answer the following questions when the fan is running at full speed. The value of power P_(2) si

The following is a food chain that ends with human : plants to bee to human (a) Explain how plants provide food for bees. (b) How do bees provide food for humans ? (c) How does this food chain differ from a usual food chain involving human such as : plants to goat to human ? (d) Do you think that the food chain given in this question can really be regarded as a food chain ? Explain your answer.

Refer to Example 13. (i) complete the following table (ii) A student argues that 'there are 11 possible outcomes 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,10,11 and 12. Therefore,each of them has a probability Do you agree with this argument? Justify your answer.