What is Pasteur effect ?

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Definition of Pasteur Effect**: The Pasteur effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of oxygen inhibits the fermentation process in yeast and other microorganisms. This effect was discovered by the scientist Louis Pasteur in 1857.

2. **Understanding Fermentation**: Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs under anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen). In this process, organisms like yeast convert sugars into energy, producing byproducts such as ethanol and carbon dioxide.

3. **Anaerobic Conditions**: Under anaerobic conditions, when oxygen is scarce, yeast performs glycolysis, breaking down glucose into pyruvate. The pyruvate is then converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, resulting in lower energy production (less ATP).

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