The period of development before hatching or birth is called .........

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the term that describes the period of development before hatching or birth.

2. **Identifying Key Terms**: The key terms in the question are "development," "hatching," and "birth."

3. **Defining the Period**: The period of development before hatching or birth refers to the time when the embryo is developing either inside an egg or within the mother's body.

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