Differentiate directional and disruptive selection.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**1. Definition of Natural Selection:**
- Natural selection is the process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This leads to the gradual evolution of species.

**2. Understanding Directional Selection:**
- Directional selection occurs when one particular phenotype (a trait or characteristic of an organism) is favored over others, causing the allele frequency to shift in one direction.
- Example: In the case of the peppered moth, before industrialization, light-colored moths were more common. As the environment changed (trees became darker due to soot), darker moths had a survival advantage because they were less visible to predators. Over time, the population shifted towards the darker phenotype.
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