Define mutations. Give one example of speciation by abrupt mutation.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**Step 1: Define Mutations**
Mutations are defined as sudden, irreversible changes in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. These changes can occur due to errors during DNA replication or as a result of environmental factors. Mutations can be inherited if they occur in germ cells, leading to the transmission of these changes to subsequent generations.

**Step 2: Explain Abrupt Mutation**
Abrupt mutations refer to significant genetic changes that happen quickly and can lead to noticeable differences in traits from one generation to the next. These mutations can result in new characteristics that were not present in the parent generation, often occurring without gradual changes.

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