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Define proto-oncogenes....

Define proto-oncogenes.

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Terminology**: Begin by breaking down the term "proto-oncogenes." The prefix "proto-" means "before" or "preliminary," while "oncogene" refers to genes that have the potential to cause cancer. 2. **Definition of Proto-Oncogenes**: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes found in cells that play a crucial role in regulating cell growth, division, and differentiation. They are essential for normal cellular functions. 3. **Transformation to Oncogenes**: Under certain conditions, such as mutations or external factors (like oncogenic viruses), proto-oncogenes can be activated and converted into oncogenes. This transformation leads to uncontrolled cell growth and can result in cancer. ...
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