(a) Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immune response.
(b) Why is a patient who has undergone organ transplant put on immuno-suppressants? Explain.

Patients who have undergone organ transplants are given anti-rejection medication to -

A Bioactive molecule, Cyclosporin-A used as an immuno-suppressive agent in organ- transplant patients is produced by

Consider the following four statements (i-iv) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these (i) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno-suppressants for a long time (ii) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection (iii) The B-lumphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft (iv) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons The correct statements are

Read the following matches and mark the correct option : I. Antigen binding site on antibody : contains a variable region of a heavy chain only II. Humoral immunity: due to antibodes, secreated by plasma cell III. Graft rejecation: due to cell-mediated immunity response IV. Colostrum : provides active immunty to infacts or newborns.

Read the following statements and select the right option : I. The spleen is a large bean-shaped organ, which mainly contains lymphocytes and phagocytic cells. II. The principal of vaccination is based on the property of memory of the immune system. III. The graft rejected or failure of organ transplantation is due to cell-mediated immunity . IV. The yellowish fluid colostrum has an abundant amount of lgA antibodies which provide active immunity to newborn babies.

Read the following Statements A-D. a) Memory- based innate immunity evolved in higher vertebrates based on the ability to differentiate foreign organism (e.g. pathogen) from self-cells. b) The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigen presents in the environment is called allergy. c) Passive immuntiy is slow and takes time to give its full effective response. d) The Yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant. How many of the above statements are false?

Rahul is a ten year old boy. He had purchased a packet of potato chips more than a month ago. Rahul opened the packet at the time but could eat only some of the potato chips from it. He then kept the open packet containing remaining potato chips on his book rack. He wanted to eat the remaining potato chips today. Just when Rahul was about to put these potato chips into his mouth, his elder sister Pavni, who is a student of class X entered the room. She found that these potato chips were giving unpleasant smell. When she put one potato chip in her mouth, it hat so unpleasant taste. Pavni took away the packet from Rahul and did not allow him to eat these potato chips. She threw away the potato chips into a dustibin. (a) What is given to the condition in which potato chips kept open for a considerable time give out unpleasant smell and taste? (b) Which chemical reaction is responsible for the soilage of potato chips kept exposed by Rahul for a considerable time? (c) What produces the unpleasant smell as well as unpleasant taste in potato chips? Explain. (d) With which gas the plastic bags containing potato chips are filled and then sealed by manufactures? How does it help? (e) What values are displayed by Pavni in this episode?