Passage
Organic compounds mainly consist of covalent bonds. The electron pair in these covalent bonds may undergo displacement either of their own or under the influence of other species. The cleavage of covalent bond between two atoms takes place in homolytic or heterolytic fashion. The homolytic fission results into free radicals while heterolytic fission results into carbocations and carbanions. These are also called reaction intermediates and are attacked by electrophiles and nucleophiles. The electrophiles seek electron rich sites while nucleophiles seek electron deficient sites.
Answer the followings Questions :
The most stable carbocation is :

Options

A. `CH_(3)^(+)`
B. `(CH_3)_3 C^(+)`
C. `CH_3 CH_2 CH_2^(+)`
D. `(CH_3)_2 CH^(+)`

Answer

To determine the most stable carbocation, we need to analyze the stability of different types of carbocations based on their structure and the influence of surrounding groups. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Types of Carbocations
Carbocations are categorized based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon atom:
- **Primary (1°) Carbocation**: The positively charged carbon is attached to one other carbon atom.
- **Secondary (2°) Carbocation**: The positively charged carbon is attached to two other carbon atoms.
- **Tertiary (3°) Carbocation**: The positively charged carbon is attached to three other carbon atoms.

### Step 2: Analyze the Stability Factors
The stability of carbocations increases with the number of alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon. This is due to the inductive effect and hyperconjugation:
- **Inductive Effect**: Alkyl groups are electron-donating, which helps to stabilize the positive charge on the carbocation.
- **Hyperconjugation**: The overlap of σ-bonds (C-H or C-C) with the empty p-orbital of the carbocation allows for additional stabilization.

### Step 3: Compare the Given Carbocations
1. **Methyl Carbocation (CH3⁺)**: This is a primary carbocation with no alkyl groups to stabilize the positive charge.
2. **Primary Carbocation (CH3-CH2⁺)**: This is also a primary carbocation with one alkyl group, providing minimal stabilization.
3. **Secondary Carbocation (CH3-CH⁺-CH3)**: This carbocation has two alkyl groups, which provide moderate stabilization.
4. **Tertiary Carbocation (C⁺(CH3)3)**: This carbocation has three alkyl groups, providing maximum stabilization due to both inductive effect and hyperconjugation.

### Step 4: Conclusion on Stability
Based on the analysis, the stability order of carbocations is:
- **Tertiary (3°) > Secondary (2°) > Primary (1°) > Methyl (CH3⁺)**

Thus, the most stable carbocation is the **tertiary carbocation**.

### Final Answer
The most stable carbocation is the **tertiary carbocation (C⁺(CH3)3)**.

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