A spherical surface of radius R separates air from a medium of refractive index `mu`. Parallel beam of light is incident, from medium side, making a small angle `theta` with the principal axis of the spherical surface. Find the co-ordinates of the point where the rays will focus in air.

Due to manufacturing defect, the plane surface of a thin plano-concave lens has been made tilted at a small angle q outwards from its usual place. The spherical surface has radius of curvature R and refractive index of the material of the lens is mu . A parallel beam of light is incident as shown. In the co-ordinate system shown find the co-ordinates of the point where the rays will focus or appear to be diverging from.

A concave spherical refractive surface with radius R separates a medium of refractive index 5//2 from air. As an object is approaching the surface from far away from the surface along the central axis, its image

A concave spherical refractive surface with radius R separates a medium of refractive index 5//2 from air. As an object is approaching the surface from far away from the surface along the central axis, its image

A convex spherical refracting surface with radius R separates a medium having refractive index 5//2 from air. As an object is moved towards the surface from far away from the surface along the principle axis, its image

A convex spherical refracting surface with radius R separates a medium having refractive index 5//2 from air. As an object is moved towards the surface from far away from the surface along the principle axis, its image