List the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan civilisation and discuss how these might have been obtained.

Explanation

Materials which were required for craft production in the Harappan civilisation are as follow:
(a) Stone, clay, copper, tin, bronze, gold, faience, shell, carnelian, jasper, crystal, steatite, quartz, timber.
(b) Some of the raw materials were locally available whereas some were purchased from the distant places. Soil and wood were locally available raw materials. Stones, fine quality wood, metals were procured from distant places.
(c ) Places where the raw material were easily available: Nageshwar and Balacot were famous for lapis lazuli like Shortughai in Afghanistan, Rajasthan and Gujarat were famous for copper. Lothal was famous for carnelian.
(d) Evidences show that expedition was sent to Khetri region of Rajasthan for copper and to South India for gold. Through these expenditions local communities were contacted.
(e ) Harappan evidences found at these places indicate contacts between each other. Evidence found at Khetri region were given the name of Ganeshwar-Jodhpura culture by archaeologists. It is assumed that inhabitants of these areas sent copper to Harappan people.