How did the Soviet Union suddenly disintegrate? Explain reasons.

Explanation

The causes of Soviet disintegration can be summed up as follows:
Economic Stagnancy:
(i) Economic institutions experienced internal weaknesses to meet the aspirations of people.
(ii) Economic stagnation for many years to severe consumer shortages.
Political and Administrative Causes:
(i) The only ruling Communist Party was not accountable despite its rule of 70 years. (ii) The ordinary people were abstained from taking participation in political riots, hence the system became incapable of correcting its mistakes. (iii) The ordinary citizens were exempted from gaining the privileges. (iv) Due lo non-participation of people, the government lost popular support from all sides.
Gorbachev.s Reform Policies:
(i) Gorbachev.s reforms aimed at keeping the USSR abreast of information and technological revolutions taking place in the west. (ii) Gorbachev focused to normalise relations with the west. (iii) Gorbachev worked to democratise the Soviet System. (iv) But Society was divided into two sections towards Gorbacheves reforms and both of them had contradictory views towards him. (i) The rise of nationalism in various re publics of Soviet Union proved to be immediate cause of revolutions in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Georgia. (ii) The nationalist dissatisfaction with the Soviet Union was strongest in European and prosperous part in Russia and the Baltic areas as well as Ukraine and Georgia. (iii) Ordinary people felt alienated from Central Asia.