The reactions involved in the extraction of iron from haematite in the blast furnace are -

Explanation

To extract iron from haematite (Fe2O3) in a blast furnace, several key reactions occur at different temperatures. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:

### Step 1: Combustion of Coke
In the blast furnace, coke (carbon) is used as a fuel. At high temperatures (around 2200 K), coke combusts with oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).
- **Reaction**:
\[ C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 \]

### Step 2: Formation of Carbon Monoxide
The carbon dioxide produced can further react with more coke to form carbon monoxide (CO), which is a reducing agent.
- **Reaction**:
\[ CO_2 + C \rightarrow 2CO \]

### Step 3: Reduction of Haematite
The carbon monoxide produced in the previous step then reacts with haematite (Fe2O3) to reduce it to iron (Fe). This reaction occurs at high temperatures in the lower part of the blast furnace.
- **Reaction**:
\[ Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2 \]

### Step 4: Formation of Slag
In addition to iron, impurities in the ore combine with limestone (added to the furnace) to form slag, which is removed from the furnace.
- **Reaction**:
\[ CaCO_3 \rightarrow CaO + CO_2 \quad \text{(decomposition of limestone)} \]
\[ CaO + SiO_2 \rightarrow CaSiO_3 \quad \text{(formation of slag)} \]

### Summary of Reactions
1. **Combustion of Coke**:
\[ C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 \]
2. **Formation of Carbon Monoxide**:
\[ CO_2 + C \rightarrow 2CO \]
3. **Reduction of Haematite**:
\[ Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2 \]
4. **Formation of Slag**:
\[ CaCO_3 \rightarrow CaO + CO_2 \]
\[ CaO + SiO_2 \rightarrow CaSiO_3 \]