Which of the statements given below is/are correct ?
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble.
1. chloride of calcium
2. bicarbonate of calcium
3. sulphate of magnesium
4. bicarbonate of magnesium
Select the correct answer using the codes give below

Options

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 1 , 2 and 3

Explanation

To determine which statements regarding the permanent hardness of water are correct, we need to analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step 1: Understand Permanent Hardness of Water
Permanent hardness of water is primarily caused by the presence of certain soluble salts that do not precipitate upon boiling. These salts include the chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium.

### Step 2: Analyze Each Statement
1. **Chloride of Calcium**: This compound (CaCl₂) is soluble and contributes to permanent hardness. **(Correct)**

2. **Bicarbonate of Calcium**: This compound (Ca(HCO₃)₂) is responsible for temporary hardness, as it can precipitate upon boiling. **(Incorrect)**

3. **Sulfate of Magnesium**: This compound (MgSO₄) is soluble and contributes to permanent hardness. **(Correct)**

4. **Bicarbonate of Magnesium**: This compound (Mg(HCO₃)₂) also causes temporary hardness as it can precipitate upon boiling. **(Incorrect)**

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The correct statements are:
- 1. Chloride of Calcium (Correct)
- 3. Sulfate of Magnesium (Correct)

Thus, the correct answer is option 2, which states that 1 and 3 are correct.

### Final Answer
The correct answer is: **Option 2 (1 and 3)**.

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