Define mining. What are the types of mining?

Explanation

Depending on the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore, mining is of two types: surface and underground mining
(i) The surface mining also known as open-cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface. Overhead costs such as safety precautions and equipment is relatively low in this method. The output is both large and rapid.
(ii) When the ore lies deep below the surface, underground mining method (shalt method) has to be used. In this method, vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground galleries radiate to reach the minerals. Minerals are extracted and transported to the surface through these passages. It requires specially designed lifts, drills, haulage vehicles. ventilation System for safety and efficient movement of people and material. This method is risky. Poisonous gases, fires, foods and caving in lead to fatal accidents.