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"Gathering and hunting are the primitive...

"Gathering and hunting are the primitive economic activities meant for the subsistence of tribal societies", but in modern times gathering is market oriented and has become commerical". Examine the statement.

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Gathering activities : Gatherers collect valuable plants, leaves, bark and medicinal herbs for different uses and sell in market.
The barks are used for making quinine, tannin etc., in different ways, leaves for beverges, drugs, cometics, fibers, thatch, fabrics.
Edible nuts and their oils are also collected.
Tree trunks for latex, balata, gums and resins are used as raw materials in various industries.
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In modern times some gathering is market-oriented and has become commercial. Explain.

Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centres primarily around production, Labour is said to be the primary factor of production, its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today. Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems. Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known. This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed, and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged. Humanity's evolution from primitive stage to the present has been

Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centres primarily around production, Labour is said to be the primary factor of production, its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today. Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems. Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known. This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed, and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged. Why does the author say that labour problems did not exist during the hunting and fishing stage?

Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centres primarily around production, Labour is said to be the primary factor of production, its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today. Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems. Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known. This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed, and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged. The pastoral stage was marked by a certain amount of economic activity." How?

Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centres primarily around production, Labour is said to be the primary factor of production, its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today. Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems. Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known. This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed, and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged. ."man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today" means

Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centres primarily around production, Labour is said to be the primary factor of production, its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today. Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems. Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known. This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed, and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged. Which word in the passage means 'surfaced'?

Explain any three characteristics of hunting and gathering. Give two reasons why gathering has little chance to become important at global level.

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  16. Differentiate between co-operative farming and Collective farming stat...

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  17. Differentiate between Mixed farming and Dairy farming, stating any fiv...

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  18. Describe the way of life of nomadic herders in the World.

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  19. Classify intensive subsistence agriculture into two categories practic...

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  20. "Gathering and hunting are the primitive economic activities meant for...

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