Hap loid, dip loid and tr ip loid conditions respectively can be traced in :-

Haploid and triploid conditions respectively can be traced in :-

Haploid diploid and triploid conditions respectively can be traced in :-

An efficient, aerobic catalytic system for the transformation of alcohols into carbonyl compounds under mild conditions, copper-based catalyst has been discovered. This copper-based catalytic system utilizes oxygen or air as the ultimate, stoichiometric oxidant, producing water as the only by-product A wide range of primary, secondary, allylic, and benzylic alcohols can be smoothly oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones in good to excellent yields. Air can be conveniently used instead of oxygen without affecting the efficiency of the process. However, the use of air requires slightly longer reaction times. This process is not only economically viable and applicable to large-scale reactions, but it is also environmentally friendly. Benzyl alcohol on treatment with this copper-based catalyst gives a compound ‘A’ which on reaction with KOH gives compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ on oxidation with KMnO_(4)- KOH gives compound ‘C’. Compounds ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively are :