(a) What are hot spots of biodiversity ?
(b) List four main criteria for determining a particular place as hot spot.
(c ) Among the hot spots of the world, list two which are located in India.

Explanation

(a) Hot spots are the regions of rich biodiversity which have been declared sensitive due to direct or indirect interference of human activities.
(b) Four main criteria are - (i) Rich species diversity (ii) Number of endemic species (iii) Degree of threat in terms of habitat loss, and (iv) Degree of exploitation.
(c ) Western ghats and Eastern Himalayas.