In the tropical rainforest, the majority of trees have showy animal-pollinated flowers. In temperate forests the majority of trees are wind pollinated. Which factors best explain these contrasting patterns ?
(i) Wind is rare in tropical forests.
(ii) Because of high species diversity in the tropics, individuals of trees species are often widely separated making wind an inefficient means of pollen dispersal.
(iii) More opportunities for coevolved mutualisms exist in tropical forests because of the high diversity of animal species.
(iv) Trees in tropical forests are mostly evergreen and year-round leaf canopies impede pollen dispersal by wind.
(v) Flowering in tropical forests occurs over a short period of time when wind is absent.