In an x-ray tube, the target should be made up of material having

Options

A. High atomic number and low thermal conductivity
B. High atomic number and high thermal conductivity
C. Low atomic number and low thermal conductivity
D. Low atomic number and high thermal conductivity

Answer

To determine the appropriate material for the target in an x-ray tube, we need to consider the essential properties that the target material should possess. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Function of the Target in an X-ray Tube
The target in an x-ray tube is where the electrons, accelerated by a high voltage, collide to produce x-rays. The efficiency and quality of x-ray production depend on the properties of the target material.

**Hint:** The target must withstand high-energy impacts and convert kinetic energy into x-rays effectively.

### Step 2: Identify Key Properties Required for the Target Material
The target material should have:
1. **High Atomic Number (Z):** A higher atomic number increases the probability of x-ray production when electrons collide with the target.
2. **High Thermal Conductivity:** The material should efficiently dissipate heat generated during the x-ray production process to prevent damage.

**Hint:** Think about why both atomic number and thermal conductivity are crucial for the x-ray production process.

### Step 3: Evaluate Common Materials Used as Targets
Tungsten (W) is commonly used as a target material in x-ray tubes because:
- It has a high atomic number (Z = 74).
- It possesses excellent thermal conductivity, allowing it to manage the heat generated during operation.

**Hint:** Consider why tungsten is preferred over other materials.

### Step 4: Analyze the Given Options
Assuming the options provided in the question are:
1. High atomic number and low thermal conductivity.
2. High atomic number and high thermal conductivity.

From our analysis:
- Option 1 is incorrect because low thermal conductivity would not be suitable for an x-ray target.
- Option 2 is correct because it meets both criteria of high atomic number and high thermal conductivity.

**Hint:** Compare the properties of each option against the requirements established in the previous steps.

### Conclusion
The correct answer is that the target in an x-ray tube should be made of a material with a **high atomic number and high thermal conductivity**, which is best exemplified by tungsten.

**Final Answer:** The target should be made of tungsten, which has a high atomic number and high thermal conductivity.