Assertion. Hierarchial system of classification is useful in that it reduces the volume of description in a catatogue of animals and plants.
Reason. Characters given for a larger category (say a phylum) need not be repeated for smaller categories (say classes, orders, etc.)

The taxonomic unit "Phylum in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchial level in classification of plants. (A) Class (B) Order (C) Division (D) Family

Food chain is divided into three basic categories. Name them according to the description given below (i) Goes from smaller to larger animals. (ii) Goes from larger to smaller animals. (iii) Goes from dead organisms to microorganisms.

Fill in the blanks : (i) The scientific ordering of organisms in a hierarchial series of groups on the basis of their morphological, evolutionary and other relationships is called............... classification. (ii) The system of classifying the animals and plants from the point of view of their utility (value) to man is called...... .... classification. (iii) ............ classification is based on one or a few superficial resemblances rather than on natural or evolutionary relationships. It was introduced by ................ . (iv) ............ classification reflects the evolutionary relationships of organisms. (v) Present scientific method of naming of organisms is called ............... It was introduced by ................. . ( vi) ............. is the branch of science that deals with the framing of laws and principles of classifying the organisms on the basis of their evolutionary relationships. ( vii) A natural ................... refers to a group of similar, genetically related organisms having certain characters distinct from those of other groups. (viii) The various grouping levels or ranks in classification are known as ............... . (ix) The term ................. refers to a set of alternate characters in such a manner that helps in the identification of plants and animals by selecting and eliminating the characters according to their presence or absence in the organism under study. (x) A. .............. : at present is a place where plants frQm various groups are grown fur scientific study, conservation, public education, aesthetics and recreation. (xi) A .......... .is a collection of pressed, dried and preserved plants mounted on ............ , properly labelled, systematically arranged and available for reference or study (xii) Various tools for collection and preservation of plants include cutters, digger, ............. , plant press and............ .

In the following questions, the lst and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named POR and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct. Then find the correct answer. 1. Some say that failure is like toxic waste. P. I see failure more as a fertilizer. Q . Thinking about it pollutes and undermines the attitudes needed for success. R. The seeds of success must be planted afresh. S. It can be used to enrich the soil of your mind. 6. Turning failure into a fertilizer is accomplished by using your errors as steps in learning.