The stars seem to be higher on the sky than they actually
are' . This can be explained by

The stars appear higher in the sky than they actually are, due to :

The setting sun appears higher in the sky than it really is

The setting sun appears higher in the sky than it really is

The setting sun appears higher in the sky than it really is.

In the given figure 'x' represents the actual position of a star while 'y' represents its position which seems to be higher in the sky than it actually is which of these effects is demonstrated here ?

"Stars appear higher than they actually are". Give reason.