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Account for the following: (i) Acidic...

Account for the following:
(i) Acidic character increases from HF to HI.
(ii) There is large difference between the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur.
(iii) Nitrogen does not form pentahalides

Text Solution

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(i) Acidic character increases from HF to HI. This is because the stability of these halides decreases down the group due to decrease in bond dissociation enthalpy in the order :
`H-F gt H-Cl gt H-Br gt H-I`
Therefore the acidic character follows the order :
`H-F lt H- cl lt H- Br lt H-I`
(ii) Large difference in the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur can be explained on the basis of their atomicity. Oxygen exists as diatomic molecule `(O_2)` with only weak van der Waal.s forces between them whereas sulphur exists as polyatomic molecule `(S_8)` which have stronger forces of attraction between these polyatomic molecules.
(iii) Nitrogen has the electronic configuration

There are no d-orbitals in the second shell, therefore, nitrogen cannot expand its covalency beyond + 3. Hence, pentahalide formation is not possible
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Knowledge Check

  • Large difference between the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur can be explained.

    A
    one the basis of their molecular weight
    B
    one the basis of their atomicity
    C
    (1) and (2) both
    D
    None

  • Assertion (A): The large difference between the melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur may be explained on the basis of their atomicity. Reason (R) : Oxygen gas can be obtained by heating salts such as chlorates, nitrates and permanganates.

    A
    Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
    B
    Both Assertion (A) and Renson (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
    C
    Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect statement.
    D
    Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct statement.

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