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It is now established that protons an...

It is now established that protons and neutrons are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks a proton and a neutron consist of three quarks each together with electrons build up ordinary matter suggest a possible quark composition of a proton and neutron

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It is now believed that protons and neutrons (which constitute nuclei of ordinary matter) are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks. A proton and a neutron consist of three quarks each. Two types of quarks, the so called 'up' quark (denoted by u) of charge +2/3 e and the down quark denoted by d) of charge (-1/3e) , together with electrons build up ordinary matter. (Quarks of other types have also been found which give rise to different unusual varieties of matter.) Suggest a possible quark composition of a proton and neutron.

The wavelength of a probe is roughly a measure of the size of a structure that it can probe in some detail. The quark structure of protons and neutrons appears at the minute length-scale of 10^(-15)m or less. This structure was first probed in early 1970’s using high energy electron beams produced by a linear accelerator at Stanford, USA. Guess what might have been the order of energy of these electron beams. (Rest mass energy of electron = 0.511 MeV.)

The neutron is a particle with zero charge still it has a non-zero magnetic moment with z-component 9.66 xx 10^(-27) A-m^(2) . This can be explained by the internal structure of the neutron. The evidence indicates that a neutron is composed of three fundamental particles calleed quarks : an "up" (u) quark, of charge + (2e)/(3) , and two "down" (d) quarks, each of change - (e)/(3) . The combinations of the three quarks prodcues a net charge of (2e)/(3) - e/3 - e/3 = 0 . If the quarks are in motion they can produce a non-zero magnetic moment. As a very simple model, suppose the u quark moves in a counter clockwise circular path and the d quarks move in a clockwise circular path, all of the radius r and all with the same speed v see figure. If all Quarks start moving in the same direction then what will be the magnetic moment of the neutron :-

The neutron is a particle with zero charge still it has a non-zero magnetic moment with z-component 9.66 xx 10^(-27) A-m^(2) . This can be explained by the internal structure of the neutron. The evidence indicates that a neutron is composed of three fundamental particles calleed quarks : an "up" (u) quark, of charge + (2e)/(3) , and two "down" (d) quarks, each of change - (e)/(3) . The combinations of the three quarks prodcues a net charge of (2e)/(3) - e/3 - e/3 = 0 . If the quarks are in motion they can produce a non-zero magnetic moment. As a very simple model, suppose the u quark moves in a counter clockwise circular path and the d quarks move in a clockwise circular path, all of the radius r and all with the same speed v see figure. Determine the magnitude of the three-quark system :-

The neutron is a particle with zero charge still it has a non-zero magnetic moment with z-component 9.66 xx 10^(-27) A-m^(2) . This can be explained by the internal structure of the neutron. The evidence indicates that a neutron is composed of three fundamental particles calleed quarks : an "up" (u) quark, of charge + (2e)/(3) , and two "down" (d) quarks, each of change - (e)/(3) . The combinations of the three quarks prodcues a net charge of (2e)/(3) - e/3 - e/3 = 0 . If the quarks are in motion they can produce a non-zero magnetic moment. As a very simple model, suppose the u quark moves in a counter clockwise circular path and the d quarks move in a clockwise circular path, all of the radius r and all with the same speed v see figure. Determine the magnitude of the magnetic moment due of the circular u quark :-

The neutron is a particle with zero charge still it has a non-zero magnetic moment with z-component 9.66 xx 10^(-27) A-m^(2) . This can be explained by the internal structure of the neutron. The evidence indicates that a neutron is composed of three fundamental particles calleed quarks : an "up" (u) quark, of charge + (2e)/(3) , and two "down" (d) quarks, each of change - (e)/(3) . The combinations of the three quarks prodcues a net charge of (2e)/(3) - e/3 - e/3 = 0 . If the quarks are in motion they can produce a non-zero magnetic moment. As a very simple model, suppose the u quark moves in a counter clockwise circular path and the d quarks move in a clockwise circular path, all of the radius r and all with the same speed v see figure. The current due to the circular motion of the u quark :-

Answer the following questions: (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carry fractional charges [(+2//3)e , (-1//3)e] . Why do they not show up in Millikan’s oil-drop experiment?

NCERT GUJARATI-ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS -EXERCISES
  1. Consider a uniform electric field E=3xx10^(3) hati N/C (a) what is ...

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  2. What is the net flux of the uniform electric field of exercise th...

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  3. Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black b...

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  4. A point charge + mu c is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of...

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  5. A point charge of 2.0 mu c is at the centre of a cubic gaussian ...

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  6. A point charge causes an elelctric flux of -1.0 xx10^(3) Nm^(2) /C to...

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  7. A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge if the elect...

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  8. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4 m diameter has a (a)...

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  9. An infinite line charge produces a field of 9xx10^(4) N/C at a dis...

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  10. Two large thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other on...

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  11. An oil drop of 12 exess electrons is held stationary under a consta...

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  12. Which among the curves cannot possibly represent electrostatic fie...

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  13. In a certain region of space electric field is along the z direction...

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  14. (a) a conductor a with a cavity given a charge Q show that the enti...

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  15. A hollow charged conductor has a tiny hole cut in to its surface sho...

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  16. Obtain the formula for the electric field due to a long thin wire ...

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  17. It is now established that protons and neutrons are themselves bui...

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  18. (a) consider an arbitrary electrostic field configuration a small tes...

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  19. A particle of mass m and charge enters the region between the two char...

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  20. Suppose that the particle in exercise in 1.33 an electron projecrt...

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