The directors of XYZ Ltd are of the opinion that all decisions and plans are to be framed by them, and therefore, no planning is required at lower levels of management. Refute this statement

An Auto Company, Win ltd is facing a problem of declining market share due to increased competition from other new and existing players in the market. Its competitors are introducing lower priced models for mass consumers who are price sensitive. The Board of Directors of the Company announced a meeting to discuss the decisions regarding pricing and launching a new range of models, in order to increase the market share of the company. Attending the meeting was not a discretion for the directors and a penalty was announced for not attending the meeting. The following decisions were taken in the meeting: a) to define the desired future position of the company, as acquiring a dominant position in the market by increasing the market share to 10 in 1 year. b) to change the criteria for choosing vendors for procuring supplies, c) to invest in development of the human resources of the organisation by providing training to higher levels by holding seminars and providing on the job training for the supervisory management. What are standing plans and single use plans Briefly explain the plans discussed above, which can be classified as standing plans, by quoting the lines.