In which way have microbes played a major role in cotrolling diseages caused by harmful bacteria ?

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Introduction to the Role of Microbes**: Microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi, play a significant role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria. This is primarily through the production of antibiotics.

2. **Production of Antibiotics**: Antibiotics are substances produced by microbes that can kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. For example, penicillin, derived from the fungus Penicillium notatum, is one of the first and most well-known antibiotics.

3. **Mechanism of Action**: Antibiotics work by targeting specific structures or functions in bacteria. Many antibiotics destroy bacterial cell walls, which are essential for the bacteria's survival. By disrupting the integrity of the cell wall, antibiotics can effectively kill the bacteria or prevent their growth.

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