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(a). Of the lanthanides, cerium (Z=58) f...

(a). Of the lanthanides, cerium `(Z=58)` forms a tetrapositive ion, `Ce^(4+)` in aqueous solution. Why?
(b), The `+3` oxidation states of lanthanum `(Z=57)`, gadolinium `(Z=64)` and lutetium `(Z=71)` are especially stable. Why?
(c). Why Zr and or Nb anbd Ta exhibit similar properties ?
(d). Which oiut of the two `La(OH)_3` and `Lu(OH)_3`, is more basic and why?

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