Which of the following groups exerts `+m` effect when attached with benzene ring?

Identification of +m & -m groups : If the first atom of the group has lone pair or negative charge shows +m effect. +m group increases electron density at ortho and para position of benzene ring. If the group has vacant p- orbital on first atom, also a multipal bonded group in which second atom is more electronegative than the first then it shows -m effect. -m group decreases electron density of ortho and para position of benzene ring. Identify which of following group/s show -m effect when attached with benzene ring.

Which of the following atoms/groups exerts -I effect when attached to a carbon atom?

Which of the following groups cannot participate in resosnace with benzene ring ?

Which of the following groups (attached with benzene ring ) show +M effect ?

Which of the following groups (attached with benzene ring ) show +M effect ?

Which of the following froups groups deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution ?

In which of the following, the group attached to the benzene ring shows +R effect

In which of the following, the group attached to the benzene ring shows +R effect