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Give simple chemical test to distinguish...

Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Ethanal and propanal
(ii) Benzoic acid and phenol.

Text Solution

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(i) Iodoform test: Ethanal gives this due to the presence of NaOH and `I_(2)`
`underset("Ethanal")(CH_(3)CHO)+4NaOH+3I_(2)tounderset(("yellow ppt Iodoform"))(CHI_(3))+HCOONa+3NaI+3H_(2)O`
`CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO+4NaOH+3I_(2)to` No reaction.
(ii) Sodium bicarbonate test: Benzoic acid gives brisk effervescence of `CO_(2)` when react with `NaHCO_(3)`, while phenol does not give it as it is a weak acid.
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