[A]: It is advantageous to give the polio vac- cine orally.
[R]: It prevents reinfection by causing intesti- nal immunity

[A]: B-cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity which directly recognize an antigen and give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells and memory cells. [R]: Immunity can be induced by using vaccines for long- lived active period.

[A]: B-cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity which directly recognize an antigen and give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells and memory cells. [R]: Immunity can be induced by using vaccines for long lived active period.

[A]: B-cells are responsible for antibody mediated immunity which directly recognize an antigen and give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells and memory b-cells. [R]: Immunity can be induced by using vaccines for long- lived active period.

[A]: B-cells are responsible for antibody me- diated immunity which directly recognize an antigen and give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells and memory 8-cells. [R]: Immunity can be induced by using vac- cines for long- lived active period.

What is a vaccine? Give advantages of oral vaccines or edible vaccines.

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. What is the main advantage of vaccines over antibiotics?

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. i) How can people immunized with vaccines containing semi-killed pathogens have a risk of contracting a disease?