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(a) Lithium, sodium, potassium are all m...

(a) Lithium, sodium, potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Is there any similarly in the atoms of these elements ?
(b) Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common ?

Text Solution

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a] Yes, the atoms of lithium, sodium, and potassium have one electron in their outermost shell. Hence, they show similar chemical properties.
b] Both helium and neon are noble gases. The common thing between their atoms is that both have their outermost shell completely filled. Helium has 2 electrons in its outermost shell (K-shell) while neon has 8 electrons in its outermost shell (L-shell). Since their valence shell is completely filled, they are chemically inactive.
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