The elements in which s and p-orbital are present

Options

A. Common elements
B. Inert gases
C. Halogens
D. Transitional elements

Answer

To solve the question regarding the elements in which s and p-orbitals are present, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Orbitals**:
- The periodic table is divided into blocks based on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with electrons. The s-block includes elements where the outermost electrons are in the s-orbital, while the p-block includes elements where the outermost electrons are in the p-orbital.

2. **Identifying the Elements**:
- Elements that have electrons filling the s and p orbitals are typically found in the main group elements of the periodic table. These include groups 1, 2 (s-block) and groups 13 to 18 (p-block).

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Common Elements**: This refers to elements in the s and p blocks, which are indeed common elements.
- **Option 2: Inert Gases**: These are elements in group 18 (noble gases) that have filled p-orbitals, but they are a subset of common elements.
- **Option 3: Halogens**: These are elements in group 17 (p-block) that have partially filled p-orbitals, also a subset of common elements.
- **Option 4: Transition Elements**: These elements are found in the d-block and primarily involve d-orbitals, not s and p.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The elements in which both s and p orbitals are present are best described as "common elements" since they include all elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 1: Common Elements**.

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