What is meant by 'adaptation' ? Give atleast three short term and long term adaptations in living organisms.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Adaptation**:
- Adaptation refers to the inheritable changes that occur in living organisms over time, allowing them to better survive and reproduce in their environments. These changes can arise from mutations and natural selection.

2. **Short-term Adaptations**:
- Short-term adaptations are immediate responses to environmental changes that do not involve genetic changes. Here are three examples:
- **Hibernation**: This is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, such as lizards, during cold weather. It allows them to conserve energy when food is scarce.
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