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Some of the most profound statements on the nature of science have come from Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of all time. What do you think did Einstein mean when he said: "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible" ?

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`to` The whole of physical world is complex in nature. Moreover, vastly different orders of magnitudes are involved in length, mass and time.
`to` These can be represented by some basic principles of physics.
`to` When viewed in this context, Einstein.s statement becomes very clear.
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In a beautiful valley, there was a village. When trains passed from the village, the whistle and the sound of train, mixed with the sound of waterfall, seemed to be very pleasant to everyone. Hence, children of that village used to play near the railway track. Once on a very light foggy day, a group of children found that a fish plate was missing from the track. As such, all the villagers were worried. Prashant, one of the children, suddenly put his ear to the line and tried to know whether a train is coming or not. He knew a train is coming. He asked his friends to inform the railway cabin crew and he himself put off his red shirt and started running towards the train, waving his red shirt. The driver and cabin man got the alert signal in time and thus a major accident was averted. What moral values do you learn from Prashant ?

The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is maximum. When the muscles are strained, the curvature of lens increases. That means radius of curvature decreases and focal length decreases. For a clear vision, the image must be on the retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of retina from eye lens. It is about 2.5cm for a grown up person. A perosn can theoretically have clear vision of an object situated at any large distance from the eye. The smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible focal length. The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown up person, minimum distance of the object should be around 25cm. A person suffering from eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of spectacles is to form the image of the objects within the range in which the person can see clearly. The image o the spectacle lens becomes object for the eye lens and whose image is formed on the retina. The number of spectacle lens used for th eremedy of eye defect is decided by the power fo the lens required and the number of spectacle lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of lens with sign. For example, if power of the lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length 100//3cm ), then number of lens will be +3 . For all the calculations required, you can use the lens formula and lensmaker's formula. Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between the eye lens and the spectacle lens. Q. Maximum focal length of a eye lens of a normal person is

The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is maximum. When the muscles are strained, the curvature of lens increases. That means radius of curvature decreases and focal length decreases. For a clear vision, the image must be on the retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of retina from eye lens. It is about 2.5cm for a grown up person. A perosn can theoretically have clear vision of an object situated at any large distance from the eye. The smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible focal length. The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown up person, minimum distance of the object should be around 25cm. A person suffering from eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of spectacles is to form the image of the objects within the range in which the person can see clearly. The image o the spectacle lens becomes object for the eye lens and whose image is formed on the retina. The number of spectacle lens used for th eremedy of eye defect is decided by the power fo the lens required and the number of spectacle lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of lens with sign. For example, if power of the lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length 100//3cm ), then number of lens will be +3 . For all the calculations required, you can use the lens formula and lensmaker's formula. Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between the eye lens and the spectacle lens. Q. Maximum focal length of a eye lens of a normal person is

The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is maximum. When the muscles are strained, the curvature of lens increases. That means radius of curvature decreases and focal length decreases. For a clear vision, the image must be on the retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of retina from eye lens. It is about 2.5cm for a grown up person. A perosn can theoretically have clear vision of an object situated at any large distance from the eye. The smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible focal length. The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown up person, minimum distance of the object should be around 25cm. A person suffering from eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of spectacles is to form the image of the objects within the range in which the person can see clearly. The image o the spectacle lens becomes object for the eye lens and whose image is formed on the retina. The number of spectacle lens used for th eremedy of eye defect is decided by the power fo the lens required and the number of spectacle lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of lens with sign. For example, if power of the lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length 100//3cm ), then number of lens will be +3 . For all the calculations required, you can use the lens formula and lensmaker's formula. Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between the eye lens and the spectacle lens. Q. Maximum focal length of a eye lens of a normal person is

Four friends went to a picnic. The weather was pleasant. They played various games and then had snacks. Suddenly, Raju, one of them, observed seven colours in the sky. He said to others, "wow what a rainbow"! Ram, one of them, asked him "What is a rainbow?" Raju then explained to all about its formation. After that everyone in the group thanked Raju for the knowledge, he had given to them. What moral value do you learn from Raju ?

Though the statement quoted above may be disputed, most physicists do have a feeling that the great laws of physics are at once simple and beautiful. Some of the notable physicists, besides Dirac, who have articulated this feeling, are Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Chandrasekhar and Feynman. You are urged to make special efforts to get access to the general books and writings by these and other great masters of physics. (See the Bibliography at the end of this book.) Their writings are truly inspiring!

One day in the morning, Ramesh filled up 1/3 bucket of hot water from geyser, to take bath. Remaining 2/3 was to be filled by cold water (at room temperature) to bring mixture to a comfortable temperature. Suddenly Ramesh had to attend to something which would take take some times, say 5-10 minutes before he could take bath. Now he had two options : (1) fill the remaining bucket completely by cold water and then attend to the cork, (2) first attend to the work and fill the remaining bucket just before taking bath. Which option do you think would have kept water warmer ? Explain.

KUMAR PRAKASHAN-PHYSICAL WORLD-Section - B Textual Exercise
  1. Some of the most profound statements on the nature of science have com...

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  2. "Every great physical theory starts as a heresy and ends as a dogma". ...

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  3. Politics is the art of the possible. Similarly, "Science is the art of...

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  4. Though India now has a large base in science and technology, which is ...

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  5. No physicist has ever "seen" an electron. Yet, all physicists believe ...

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  6. The shells of crabs found around a particular coastal location in Japa...

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  7. The industrial revolution in England and Western Europe more than two ...

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  8. It is often said that the world is witnessing now a second industrial ...

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  9. Write in about 1000 words a fiction piece based on your speculation on...

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  10. Attempt to formulate your 'moral' views on the practice of science. Im...

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  11. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  12. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  13. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  14. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  15. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  16. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  17. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  18. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  19. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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  20. Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending ...

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