As part of a student project, Sheela surgically made a full cut in the hypothalamo - hypophyseal tract in pregnant rabbits and studied the physiological effects on different tissues/organs. Which of the following should be expected ?
(i) Formation of large volume of dilute urine
(ii) Increased blood sugar levels
(iii) increased heart rate
(iv) Difficulty in parturition

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follows: Rhodinus, a blood-sucking bug, shows five instars before it metamorphoses into an adult. It ahs a very long head with the brain located at tip and an organ called Corpora Cardiaca (C C) behind it. The hormone that ensures the continuum of the juvenile stages is called a juvenile hormone. Behind the head is a pro - thoracic gland, which gets triggered by the Pro - Thoracico - Tropic Hormone (PTTH) to release ecdysone required for molting into an adult. The following observations were made when the juveniles of this insect were subjected to various conditions : 1. Starved juveniles (any instar) when decapitated rarr remained juveniles and did not molt into adults. 2. Well-fed juveniles (any instar) when decapitated rarr molted into adults. 3. Starved juveniles (any instar) when partially decapitated to remove the brain cells rarr remained juveniles and did not molt into adults. 4. Well - fed juveniles (any instar) when partially deitated to remove the brain cells rarr did not molt into adults. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this data ? (i) Ecdysone hormone is produced irrespective of the level of feeding. (ii) C C is the site of production of juvenile hormone. (iii) PTTH is produced irrespective of the level of feeding. (iv) Increase in juvenile hormone is an important trigger for production of PTTH. (v) Absence of C C alone is a trigger for molting into adult form. (vi) Well-fed larvae in absence of juvenile hotmone can molt into adults.

Read the following statements regarding the various techniques used in cancer detection. (i) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue, and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in case of leukaemia. (ii) In biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope by a pathologist. (iii) Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. (iv) Computed tomography uses strong magnetic fileds and non-ionising radiations to detect physiological changes in living tissues. (v) MRI uses X-rays and ionising radiation to generate a 3-D image of the internal structure of an object. Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

Read the following statements regarding the various techniques used in cancer detection. (i) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue, and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in case of leukaemia. (ii) In biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope by a pathologist. (iii) Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. (iv) Computed tomography uses strong magnetic fileds and non-ionising radiations to detect physiological changes in living tissues. (v) MRI uses X-rays and ionising radiation to generate a 3-D image of the internal structure of an object. Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

Read the following statements regarding the various techniques used in cancer detection. (i) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue, and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in case of leukaemia. (ii) In biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope by a pathologist. (iii) Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI(magnetic resonacne imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. (iv) Computed tomography uses strong magnetic fileds and non-ionising radiations to detect physiological changes in living tissues. (v) MRI uses X-rays and ionising radiation to generate a 3-D image of the internal structure of an object. Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

Read the following statements regarding the various techniques used in cancer detection. (i) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue, and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in case of leukaemia. (ii) In biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope by a pathologist. (iii) Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. (iv) Computed tomography uses strong magnetic fileds and non-ionising radiations to detect physiological changes in living tissues. (v) MRI uses X-rays and ionising radiation to generate a 3-D image of the internal structure of an object. Which of the above statements are incorrect ?

Consider the following statements I. Decrease in hearing sensitivity. II. Increase in hearing sensitivity. III. Change in heart rate and constriction of blood vessels. IV. Change in heart rate but not the constriction of blood vessels. Which of these are correct regarding the effects of noise pollution?

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY: 1. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES, INSULIN DEPENDENT, AND NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. 90-95% OF THE ESTIMATED 13-14 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH DIABETES HAVE NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT, OR TYPE II DIABETES. BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF DIABETES USUALLY BEGINS IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 40 AND IS MOST COMMON AFTER THE AGE OF 55, IT USED TO BE CALLED ADULT-ONSET DIABETES, ITS SYMPTOMS OFTEN DEVELOP GRADUALLY AND ARE HARD TO IDENTIFY AT FIRST, THEREFORE NEARLY HALF OF ALL THE PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DO NOT KNOW IT. SO, SOMEONE WHO HAS DEVELOPED TYPE II DIABETES MAY FEEL TIRED OR ILL WITHOUT KNOWING WHY. THIS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE UNTREATED DIABETES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, EYES, KIDNEYS, AND NERVES. WHILE THE CAUSES, SHORT-TERM EFFECTS, AND TREATMENTS OF THE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES DIFFER, BOTH TYPES CAN CAUSE LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS. 2. MOST IMPORTANTLY, BOTH TYPES AFFECT THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE DIGESTED FOOD FOR ENERGY. DIABETES DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DIGESTION, BUT IT DOES PREVENT THE BODY FROM USING AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT OF DIGESTION, GLUCOSE, FOR ENERGY. AFTER A MEAL, THE NORMAL DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS SOME FOOD DOWN INTO GLUCOSE. THE BLOOD CARRIES THE GLUCOSE OR SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE BODY, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RISE. IN RESPONSE TO THIS, INSULIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND SIGNALS THE BODY TISSUES TO METABOLIZE OR BURN THE GLUCOSE FOR FUEL, WHICH CAUSES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RETURN TO NORMAL. THE GLUCOSE THAT THE BODY DOES NOT USE IS STORED IN THE LIVER, MUSCLE OR FAT. 3. IN BOTH TYPES OF DIABETES, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF GLANDS IS AFFECTED. A GLAND CALLED PANCREAS MAKES INSULIN. IN PEOPLE WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES, THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE INSULIN AT ALL. PEOPLE WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES USUALLY PRODUCE SOME INSULIN IN THEIR PANCREAS, BUT THEIR BODY TISSUES DO NOT METABOLIZE THE GLUCOSE PROPERTY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS INSULIN RESISTANCE. 4. THERE’S NO CURE FOR DIABETES YET. HOWEVER, THERE ARE WAYS TO GET RELIEF FROM ITS SYMPTOMS. FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES BREAK DOWN INTO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE TO RISE. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COOKED FOODS RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE HIGHER THAN RAW, UNPEELED FOODS. SO WE SHOULD EAT SUCH UNCOOKED WHOLE GRAIN FOODS. ON THE BASIS OF YOUR READING OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE, MAKE NOTES ON IT USING HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS. USE RECOGNIZABLE ABBREVIATIONS WHEREVER NECESSARY (MINIMUM FOUR).