Mention four significant services that a healthy forest ecosystem provide.
OR
Substantiate with help of one example that in an ecosystem mutualists (i) tend to coevolve and (ii) are also one of the major causes of biodiversity loss.

With the help of any one example explain Alien species invasion as one of the causes of Biodiversity losses.

(a) Indiscriminate human activities such as alien species invasion, fragmentation and habits loss have accelerated the loss of biodiversity. Justify by taking one example of each. (b) State the importance of (i) IUCN Red data list and (ii) Hot spots in conservation of biodiversity.

(a) Indiscriminate human activities such as alien species invasion, fragmentation and habits loss have accelerated the lose of biodiversity. Justify by taking one example of each. (b) State the importance of (i) IUCN Red data list and (ii) Hot spots in conservation of biodiversity.